Performance
Measured on data it never saw.
Every number on this page comes from trades the system decided without knowing the outcome, with trading costs taken off. Where it did badly, it says so. Backtest, paper and live results are never added together.
Backtest
Walk-forward tests over up to 19 years of history, then a final holdout year no development decision was ever based on.
Paper (forward)
Every signal shown since launch, logged permanently and settled by its own exit rules. Can't be edited or cherry-picked.
Live trading
None. Radarline never places trades or connects to a broker, so there is no live trading record - and we won't show one.
Highlights
The strongest results, and exactly what each one covers
Daily
72%
of pullback signals won
Final unseen year, 222 trades, profit factor 1.52. 67% over 19 years of development tests. Breakouts win about 1 in 3.
Daily
99.9%+
probability the breakout edge is real
+0.44R per trade over 2,446 development trades, after costs and after correcting for all 30 strategies tried (deflated Sharpe).
4 hour
+41%
test account in the unseen year
$10,000 risking 1% a trade, after costs. Old engine -14%, always-long -20%. Worst drop 20%, which paused it.
4 hour
2.00
profit factor, market-selected signals
647 walk-forward trades, 62% won, +0.26R each. Drawdowns 84% smaller than trading every market.
1 hour
+0.41R
per trade on crypto
Final unseen 6 months, 113 trades, after costs. All 1-hour markets: +0.13R over 215 trades; the old engine -0.11R. Other market types are listed below.
1 hour
99.3%
probability the breakout edge is real
+0.22R per trade over 3,387 development trades, after costs and the multiple-testing correction. About 1 trade in 4 wins.
Probabilities
61%
won when 4-hour signals said 60-65%
167 trades in the unseen year. Across all 4-hour signals the stated chance was off by 4 points on average.
Under 1 hour
119,000+
15-minute test trades, none passed
Pullbacks, breakouts and trend-following all lost after costs on 15-minute charts, so Radarline doesn't sell 15-minute signals rather than sell ones that failed.
The short version
What the testing found
- Two strategies beat simply buying, with the same exits: buying pullbacks in uptrends, and breakouts. Most of the 'edge' in rising markets is just being long - these clear that bar.
- Choosing markets by their own past record - going forward, never in hindsight - cut drawdowns by 64% on daily and 84% on 4-hour charts.
- The chance-of-a-win figures are calibrated: on unseen data they were off by about 4 points on average on 4-hour and 1-hour charts.
- No short-selling strategy survived testing, so the system doesn't show SELL signals. If one ever passes, it will.
- Predicting the next candle from indicators is close to a coin flip on every timeframe, so Radarline doesn't try: it trades tested setups and uses the model only for the odds.
- Charts under 1 hour lost money after costs in every strategy tested, so there are no 15-minute signals.
- A 90% win rate is easy to get and loses money: tiny targets, big losses. Nothing tested earned money at 85%+ wins.
Backtest · final holdout
The year it was never allowed to see
Daily charts · 24 Sept 2025 to now (1.0 years)
| System | Trades | Win rate | Avg per trade | Profit factor | Max drawdown | Worst streak | t-stat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New - Radarline Signals | 275 | 62.9% | +0.030R | 1.13 | 14.0R | 7 | 0.6 |
| Current v3 | 821 | 62.0% | +0.067R | 1.17 | 34.9R | 10 | 2.2 |
| Always long | 1861 | 60.0% | +0.036R | 1.09 | 68.6R | 14 | 1.8 |
| New, before market selection | 503 | 52.1% | -0.052R | 0.85 | 48.7R | 12 | -1.0 |
By market type (20+ trades): Indices +0.11R (73 trades) · ETFs +0.10R (51 trades) · US stocks +0.08R (81 trades) · Metals -0.38R (26 trades)
A $10,000 account risking 1% per trade, max 5 positions at once, daily loss limit and drawdown stop.
New: took 118 of 275 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended -7.3%, worst drop 11.0%.
Current v3: took 162 of 821 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended +11.1%, worst drop 12.7%.
4 hour charts · 24 Sept 2025 to now (1.0 years)
| System | Trades | Win rate | Avg per trade | Profit factor | Max drawdown | Worst streak | t-stat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New - Radarline Signals | 378 | 50.0% | +0.133R | 1.37 | 24.6R | 11 | 1.5 |
| Current v3 | 3377 | 59.2% | -0.001R | 1.00 | 82.8R | 11 | -0.1 |
| Always long | 10107 | 58.2% | -0.019R | 0.96 | 336.0R | 15 | -2.2 |
| New, before market selection | 1791 | 48.9% | +0.019R | 1.05 | 102.5R | 13 | 0.5 |
By market type (20+ trades): Metals +0.74R (56 trades) · ETFs +0.29R (68 trades) · US stocks +0.02R (94 trades) · Indices -0.04R (126 trades) · FX majors -0.13R (29 trades)
A $10,000 account risking 1% per trade, max 5 positions at once, daily loss limit and drawdown stop.
New: took 132 of 378 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended +40.7%, worst drop 20.0% - hit the 20% drawdown stop and stopped trading.
Current v3: took 419 of 3377 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended -14.2%, worst drop 21.5% - hit the 20% drawdown stop and stopped trading.
1 hour charts · 24 Mar 2026 to now (0.5 years)
| System | Trades | Win rate | Avg per trade | Profit factor | Max drawdown | Worst streak | t-stat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New - Radarline Signals | 215 | 25.1% | +0.133R | 1.17 | 64.1R | 33 | 0.4 |
| Current v3 | 6211 | 56.6% | -0.107R | 0.78 | 680.8R | 29 | -9.4 |
| Always long | 22521 | 57.0% | -0.094R | 0.80 | 2170.7R | 21 | -15.9 |
| New, before market selection | 1320 | 26.1% | +0.035R | 1.05 | 238.3R | 29 | 0.4 |
By market type (20+ trades): Crypto +0.41R (113 trades) · Metals +0.09R (25 trades) · ETFs -0.09R (31 trades) · US stocks -0.39R (40 trades)
A $10,000 account risking 1% per trade, max 5 positions at once, daily loss limit and drawdown stop.
New: took 29 of 215 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended -19.6%, worst drop 20.7% - hit the 20% drawdown stop and stopped trading.
Current v3: took 245 of 6211 signals (the risk rules skipped the rest: at most 5 open, daily loss limit, losing-streak pause, drawdown stop), ended -12.0%, worst drop 22.2% - hit the 20% drawdown stop and stopped trading.
Read this honestly
- On daily charts the previous engine did better in this particular year - its constant long bias suited a rising market. The new system's dip-buying did well; its breakouts had a bad year.
- On 4-hour charts the new system clearly beat both, mostly thanks to choosing markets by their record.
- One year is not enough to be statistically sure (t-statistics under 2). The case rests on the long walk-forward tests below and on this holdout pointing the same way.
- 1-hour breakouts win only about 1 trade in 4 and can lose 30 in a row. Size accordingly, or leave them.
Paper · forward record
Since launch
No settled paper trades yet. Signals are logged from the moment they appear (last market scan 13/11/2026, 6:03:38 am); results fill in here as each trade reaches its exit. Nothing is back-filled.
Probabilities
Does 65% mean 65%?
Daily · holdout
Brier 0.206 vs 0.233 for a constant guess (lower is better)
4 hour · holdout
Brier 0.229 vs 0.250 for a constant guess (lower is better)
1 hour · holdout
Brier 0.186 vs 0.188 for a constant guess (lower is better)
Backtest · strategy research
What was tested, and what survived
| Strategy | Trades | Win rate | Avg per trade | At 3x costs | Longs / shorts | Real after 30 trials? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tsmom | 13902 | 49.7% | +0.020R | +0.009R | +0.080R / -0.074R | 78% |
| pullback | 11885 | 64.7% | +0.021R | +0.006R | +0.038R / -0.005R | 100% |
| pullback long-only | 6970 | 66.7% | +0.038R | +0.024R | +0.038R / - | 100% |
| breakout | 4428 | 29.8% | +0.166R | +0.145R | +0.440R / -0.169R | 98% |
| breakout long-only | 2446 | 34.1% | +0.438R | +0.415R | +0.438R / - | 100% |
| Control: long every uptrend candle, pullback exits | 56395 | 59.4% | +0.007R | -0.008R | +0.007R / - | 100% |
| Control: long every candle, breakout exits | 11481 | 25.9% | +0.174R | +0.154R | +0.174R / - | 100% |
| always long, monthly | 13890 | 53.2% | +0.071R | +0.061R | +0.071R / - | 100% |
Adaptive
Where it has an edge - and where it doesn't
| Market type | Daily | 4 hour | 1 hour |
|---|---|---|---|
| ags | 2 of 3 | 0 of 3 | 0 of 3 |
| bond | 1 of 2 | 0 of 2 | 0 of 2 |
| crypto | 3 of 8 | 0 of 8 | 5 of 8 |
| energy | 2 of 3 | 0 of 3 | 1 of 3 |
| etf | 6 of 7 | 4 of 7 | 5 of 7 |
| fx cross | 1 of 5 | 0 of 5 | 0 of 5 |
| fx major | 1 of 7 | 0 of 7 | 0 of 7 |
| index | 7 of 9 | 4 of 9 | 0 of 9 |
| metal | 4 of 7 | 5 of 7 | 5 of 7 |
| stock | 11 of 14 | 9 of 14 | 2 of 14 |
The 90% question
Can it win 90% of the time?
| Target | Win rate | Avg win | Avg loss | Worst trade | Avg per trade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1R | 89.5% | +0.086R | -1.028R | -6.323R | -0.031R |
| 0.25R | 79.9% | +0.236R | -1.029R | -6.323R | -0.018R |
| 0.5R | 67.6% | +0.485R | -1.028R | -6.323R | -0.005R |
| 0.75R | 59.1% | +0.732R | -1.024R | -7.242R | +0.014R |
| 1R | 52.5% | +0.969R | -1.018R | -7.242R | +0.026R |
| 1.5R | 44.4% | +1.370R | -1.002R | -5.929R | +0.052R |
| 2R | 40.6% | +1.630R | -0.992R | -6.436R | +0.072R |
| 3R | 38.4% | +1.847R | -0.987R | -5.693R | +0.100R |
Radarline optimises for expected profit per trade and smaller drawdowns, not an impressive win rate. Its pullback signals win about 2 in 3; its breakouts about 1 in 3 but with much bigger winners.
After the final test · development data
How the top trading AIs get their numbers, and what we changed
Most "AI" indicators advertise 70-99% win rates. Those numbers usually come from signals that repaint after the fact, tiny targets behind wide stops, tests without trading costs, or the best of hundreds of tries shown as if it were the only one. The methods that hold up in published research are plainer: cut losers with a volatility stop, let trends run, limit correlated positions, and correct for how many ideas were tried.
After the final test was used, we tried three published ideas on the development years only - each fixed in advance, and only adopted if it beat the current rule overall, in at least 4 of 5 time windows, and still looked real after correcting for all 33 ideas tried so far. Account figures assume 1% risk per trade and at most 5 trades open.
| Idea | Charts | Now | With the idea | Windows better | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pullback exit: RSI(2) above 65 | Daily | +0.038R / trade | +0.044R / trade | 5 of 5 | Adopted |
| Breakout exit: chandelier trail | Daily | +0.438R / trade | +0.340R / trade | 1 of 5 | Kept current |
| Max 2 open trades per asset class | Daily | 26.6% worst drop · return/drop 17.8 | 33.2% worst drop · return/drop 21.5 | - | Kept current |
| Pullback exit: RSI(2) above 65 | 4 hour | +0.004R / trade | +0.007R / trade | 3 of 5 | Kept current |
| Breakout exit: chandelier trail | 4 hour | +0.263R / trade | +0.193R / trade | 1 of 5 | Kept current |
| Max 2 open trades per asset class | 4 hour | 36.5% worst drop · return/drop 9.7 | 25.2% worst drop · return/drop 12.3 | - | Adopted |
| Breakout exit: chandelier trail | 1 hour | +0.220R / trade | +0.101R / trade | 1 of 5 | Kept current |
| Max 2 open trades per asset class | 1 hour | 57.5% worst drop · return/drop 47.8 | 48.0% worst drop · return/drop 43.2 | - | Kept current |
- Daily pullbacks now exit when the 2-period RSI closes above 65 (the rule from Larry Connors' original research) instead of a close above the 5-candle average. 4-hour pullbacks keep the average - the RSI exit didn't hold up there.
- On 4-hour charts, hold at most 2 open trades per asset class (e.g. two crypto, two FX). Markets in one class tend to move together, so a third position adds risk more than return. The limit had to give both a smaller worst drop and a better return per unit of drop: on daily charts the drop got deeper, and on hourly charts the ratio got worse, so it applies to 4-hour only.
- A "chandelier" trailing exit for breakouts made less per trade in 4 of 5 windows on every timeframe, so it wasn't adopted.
Sources: Deflated Sharpe ratio (Bailey & López de Prado) · Probability of backtest overfitting · Volatility targeting · Time-series momentum (CME) · RSI(2) exits · Chandelier exit
These are development-period results, not a new unseen test. The final-test figures further up were run once, on the version before these two changes, and can't honestly be re-run. The next independent check of the changes is the paper record since launch.
The high-win-rate playbook, tested
We tried their tricks on our own signals
The products advertising 70-90% wins mostly use the same few techniques: bank part of the profit early and count that as a win, move the stop to breakeven, only show their "most confident" signals, wait for multi-timeframe confirmation, or keep only strategies with a high past win rate (Trade Ideas' Holly requires 60%+ wins and winners twice the size of losers).
We ran each one on Radarline's signals over the development years (not the final test), walk-forward, after costs. The biggest win-rate booster - banking profit early - cut the profit per trade on every timeframe.
| Technique | Charts | Win rate | Per trade | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Take half at +1R, rest at breakeven (breakouts) | Daily | 34% → 55% | +0.438R → +0.228R | Rejected |
| Move the stop to breakeven at +1R (breakouts) | Daily | 34% → 26% | +0.438R → +0.363R | Rejected |
| Only the most confident third of signals | Daily | 64% → 69% | +0.132R → +0.048R | Rejected |
| Only when the higher timeframe is up | Daily | 64% → 65% | +0.132R → +0.154R | Promising - tracking live |
| Take half at +1R, rest at breakeven (breakouts) | 4 hour | 32% → 52% | +0.263R → +0.112R | Rejected |
| Move the stop to breakeven at +1R (breakouts) | 4 hour | 32% → 23% | +0.263R → +0.213R | Rejected |
| Only the most confident third of signals | 4 hour | 62% → 67% | +0.261R → +0.087R | Rejected |
| Only when the higher timeframe is up | 4 hour | 62% → 62% | +0.261R → +0.227R | Rejected |
| Take half at +1R, rest at breakeven (breakouts) | 1 hour | 29% → 52% | +0.220R → +0.050R | Rejected |
| Move the stop to breakeven at +1R (breakouts) | 1 hour | 29% → 21% | +0.220R → +0.127R | Rejected |
| Only the most confident third of signals | 1 hour | 27% → 32% | +0.053R → +0.344R | Promising - tracking live |
| Only when the higher timeframe is up | 1 hour | 27% → 27% | +0.053R → +0.173R | Promising - tracking live |
- Banking half at +1R lifts breakout "wins" from about 1 in 3 to about 1 in 2 - and cuts what each trade makes by half or more, because it cuts off the big trends that pay for everything.
- Showing only the most confident signals lifted daily and 4-hour win rates by 5-6 points while profit per trade fell by about two thirds: the model is most confident about small, safe bounces.
- Holly's rule (60%+ wins and winners twice the losers) left no market at all - on these charts a strategy has one or the other.
- Three filters beat the current rules in 4 of 5 windows, but not by enough to rule out luck after 38 ideas tested (t = 1.3 to 2.1; the usual bar is about 3). They don't change any signal: every signal already logs its confidence and trend, so the live record will show whether they hold.
Method
How it was tested
Data
65 markets from TradingView (up to 20 years daily, 2-10 years 4-hour, 7 months-3 years hourly) plus 6 years of hourly and 15-minute crypto from Binance.
No look-ahead
Every input uses closed candles only - tested by recomputing on truncated history. Trades enter on the next candle's open; stops are checked candle by candle, gap fills included, and a candle touching both stop and target counts as the stop.
Costs
Spread, commission and slippage per market type (1.5 bp for major FX up to 16 bp for crypto, round trip), then everything re-run at 2x and 3x.
Walk-forward
Models and market choices were only ever learned from trades that had finished before the period being tested, with a gap so no trade straddles the boundary.
Holdout
The most recent year (six months for hourly) was fenced off and run exactly once, after every decision was frozen.
Honest limits
Today's markets were chosen with hindsight (survivorship bias); most years tested were rising markets; news wasn't backtested (there's no archive to test it on), so it's shown only as a risk warning.
Past and backtested results do not predict future results. General information only, not financial advice - see the General Advice Warning.